Behavior
Observable actions and reactions that can be measured and studied. Behavior includes everything from simple reflexes to complex social interactions, providing the foundation for psychological research and analysis.
Emotion
Complex psychological states involving subjective experience, physiological response, and behavioral expression. Emotions influence perception, memory, and decision – making, playing a central role in human experience and social interaction.
Cognition
Mental processes involving thinking, knowing, remembering, and problem – solving. Cognition encompasses attention, perception, memory, language, reasoning, and decision – making —the internal operations that guide behavior.
Motivation
The driving forces that initiate, direct, and sustain behavior toward goals. Motivation explains why we do what we do, encompassing biological needs, psychological desires, and social aspirations that energize our actions.